👪 Parents and Family
Several times the Quran places the command to be good to one’s parents directly beside the command to worship none but God. When parents reach old age, it says, one should not say to them so much as “Ugh”, but speak to them with noble words, lower to them the wing of humility, and pray, “My Lord, have mercy on them, as they raised me when I was small.”
The hardship of mothers is mentioned in concrete terms: a mother carries her child in weakness upon weakness, bears and delivers it with difficulty, and nurses it for a long time. The Quran therefore asks people to be grateful both to God and to their parents. If parents press their child to associate partners with God, the child should not obey them in that, yet should still keep kind company with them in this world.
The Quran’s concern for family goes beyond parents. It says that God placed affection and mercy between spouses, and it asks people to honour the ties of kinship and give relatives their due. John and Jesus are described as dutiful to their parents, while Abraham and Noah pray for their parents’ forgiveness.
(简介为英文)
Be Good to Your Parents
- 17:23-24
Never say “Ugh” to aging parents; speak nobly and pray for mercy on them.
وَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا ۚ إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ وَلَا تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُلْ لَهُمَا قَوْلًا كَرِيمًا
와까다 r랍부카 알라 타으부두 일라 이야후 와빌왈리다이니 이흐사난 임마 야블루간나 인다칼 키바r라 아하두후마 아우 킬라후마 f팔라 타꿀 라후마 웁f핀 왈라 탄하r르후마 와꿀 라후마 까울란 카r리마
Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you be good to your parents. If one or both of them reach old age with you, do not say to them [so much as] "Ugh," and do not repel them, but speak to them with noble words.
وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا
와흐f피드 라후마 자나핫 ð둘리 미나 르r라흐마티 와꿀 r랍비 r르함후마 카마 r랍바야니 사기r라
And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy, and say, "My Lord, have mercy on them, as they raised me when I was small."
- 4:36
After worshipping God alone, be good to parents, relatives and neighbours.
وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا ۖ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنْبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا
와으부둘 라하 왈라 투시r리쿠 비히 샤이안 와빌왈리다이니 이흐사난 와비ð딜 꾸r르바 왈야타마 왈마사키니 왈자r리 ð딜 꾸r르바 왈자r릴 주누비 왓사히비 빌잠비 와브닛 사빌리 와마 말라카트 아이마누쿰 인날 라하 라 유힙부 만 카나 무흐탈란 f파쿠r라
Worship God and do not associate anything with Him. Be good to parents, to relatives, orphans and the needy, to the neighbour who is a relative and the neighbour who is a stranger, to the companion at your side, to the traveller, and to those whom your right hands possess. God does not love anyone who is arrogant and boastful,
- 2:83
The pledge with the Children of Israel included being good to parents.
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَقُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ
와이ð드 아카ð드나 미θ사까 바니 이스r라일라 라 타으부두나 일랄 라하 와빌왈리다이니 이흐사난 와ð딜 꾸r르바 왈야타마 왈마사키니 와꿀루 린나시 후스난 와아끼뭇 살라타 와아툿 자카타 θ숨마 타왈라이툼 일라 깔릴람 민쿰 와안툼 무으r리둔
And when We took the pledge of the Children of Israel: “Worship none but God; be good to your parents and to relatives, orphans and the needy; speak kindly to people; keep up the prayer and give the alms.” Then you turned away, except a few of you, and you are averse.
- 2:215
Whatever good you spend should go to parents, relatives, orphans and the needy.
يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ ۖ قُلْ مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ۗ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ
야스알루나카 마ð다 윤f피꾸나 꿀 마 안f팍툼 민 카이r린 f팔릴왈리다이니 왈아끄r라비나 왈야타마 왈마사키니 와브닛 사빌리 와마 타f프알루 민 카이r린 f파인날 라하 비히 알림
They ask you what they should spend. Say, “Whatever good you spend should be for parents, close relatives, orphans, the needy and the traveller. And whatever good you do, God knows it well.”
A Mother’s Hardship and Gratitude
- 31:14-15
Recalls a mother’s hardship; thank God and your parents, and keep kind company with them.
وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْنًا عَلَىٰ وَهْنٍ وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ
와왓사이날 인사나 비왈리다이히 하말라트후 움무후 와흐난 알라 와흐닌 와f피살루후 f피 아마이니 아니 시쿠r르 리 왈리왈리다이카 일라이얄 마시r르
We have enjoined on man [care for] his parents — his mother carried him in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years — [saying,] “Be grateful to Me and to your parents. To Me is the final return.
وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاكَ عَلَىٰ أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا ۖ وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفًا ۖ وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ ۚ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
와인 자하다카 알라 안 투시r리카 비 마 라이사 라카 비히 일문 f팔라 투띠으후마 와사히브후마 f핏 둔야 마으r루f판 왓타비으 사빌라 만 아나바 일라이야 θ숨마 일라이야 마r르지우쿰 f파우납비우쿰 비마 쿤툼 타으말룬
But if they strive to make you associate with Me something of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them; yet keep company with them in this world with kindness, and follow the way of those who turn to Me. Then to Me is your return, and I will inform you of what you used to do.”
- 46:15
A mother bears and births in hardship; the grown child thanks God for favours on parents.
وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا ۖ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهًا وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا ۖ وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا ۚ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَصْلِحْ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِي ۖ إِنِّي تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
와왓사이날 인사나 비왈리다이히 이흐사난 하말라트후 움무후 쿠r르한 와와다아트후 쿠r르한 와함루후 와f피살루후 θ살라θ수나 샤흐r란 핫타 이ð다 발라가 아슛다후 와발라가 아r르바이나 사나탄 깔라 r랍비 아우지으니 안 아시쿠r라 니으마타칼 라티 안암타 알라이야 와알라 왈리다이야 와안 아으말라 살리한 타r르다후 와아슬리흐 리 f피 ð두르r리야티 인니 툽투 일라이카 와인니 미날 무슬리민
We have enjoined upon man kindness to his parents. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship, and his bearing and weaning take thirty months, until when he reaches his full strength and reaches forty years, he says, "My Lord, inspire me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents, and to do righteousness that pleases You, and make my offspring righteous for me. I have turned to You in repentance, and I am one of the Muslims."
- 29:8
Be kind to parents, but do not obey them in associating partners with God.
وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْنًا ۖ وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاكَ لِتُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا ۚ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
와왓사이날 인사나 비왈리다이히 후스난 와인 자하다카 리투시r리카 비 마 라이사 라카 비히 일문 f팔라 투띠으후마 일라이야 마r르지우쿰 f파우납비우쿰 비마 쿤툼 타으말룬
We have enjoined on man kindness to his parents. But if they strive to make you associate with Me something of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them. To Me is your return, and I will inform you of what you used to do.
Prophets and Their Parents
- 19:14
John was dutiful to his parents, neither arrogant nor disobedient.
وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا
와바르r람 비왈리다이히 왈람 야쿤 잡바r란 아시야
and dutiful to his parents, and he was not arrogant or disobedient.
- 19:32
Jesus says God made him dutiful to his mother, not arrogant.
وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَتِي وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا
와바르r람 비왈리다티 왈람 야즈알니 잡바r란 샤끼야
and [made me] dutiful to my mother, and He has not made me arrogant or wretched.
- 14:41
Abraham prays for forgiveness for himself, his parents and the believers.
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ
r랍바나 그f피r르 리 왈리왈리다이야 왈릴무으미니나 야우마 야꾸물 히사브
Our Lord, forgive me and my parents and the believers on the Day when the reckoning takes place."
- 71:28
Noah prays for forgiveness for himself, his parents and believers in his house.
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِمَنْ دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِنًا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا تَبَارًا
r랍비 그f피r르 리 왈리왈리다이야 왈리만 다칼라 바이티야 무으미난 왈릴무으미니나 왈무으미나티 왈라 타지딧 ð달리미나 일라 타바r라
My Lord, forgive me and my parents and whoever enters my house as a believer, and the believing men and the believing women. And do not increase the wrongdoers in anything but ruin."
Spouses, Children and Kin
- 30:21
God created spouses for tranquility and placed affection and mercy between them.
وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا لِتَسْكُنُوا إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ مَوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
와민 아야티히 안 칼라까 라쿰 민 안f푸시쿰 아즈와잘 리타스쿠누 일라이하 와자알라 바이나쿰 마왓다탄 와r라흐마탄 인나 f피 ð달리카 라아야틸 리까우민 야타f팍카r룬
Among His signs is that He created for you, from among yourselves, spouses so that you may find tranquility in them, and He placed between you affection and mercy. In that are surely signs for people who reflect.
- 25:74
A prayer that spouses and offspring be a comfort to one’s eyes.
وَالَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا هَبْ لَنَا مِنْ أَزْوَاجِنَا وَذُرِّيَّاتِنَا قُرَّةَ أَعْيُنٍ وَاجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا
왈라ð디나 야꿀루나 r랍바나 하브 라나 민 아즈와지나 와ð두르r리야티나 꾸르r라타 아으유닌 와즈알나 릴뭇타끼나 이마마
and those who say, “Our Lord, grant us from our spouses and our offspring comfort to our eyes, and make us leaders for the God-fearing.”
- 4:1
All people come from a single soul; be mindful of God and honour kinship ties.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا
야 아이유한 나숫 타꾸 r랍바쿠물 라ð디 칼라까쿰 민 나f프신 와히다틴 와칼라까 민하 자우자하 와밧θ사 민후마 r리잘란 카θ시r란 와니사안 왓타꿀 라할 라ð디 타사알루나 비히 왈아r르하마 인날 라하 카나 알라이쿰 r라끼바
O people, be mindful of your Lord, who created you from a single soul, created from it its mate, and from the two of them spread abroad many men and women. Be mindful of God, in whose name you make requests of one another, and [honour] the ties of kinship. God is ever watchful over you.
- 17:26
Give relatives their due, and also the needy and the traveller.
وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلَا تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا
와아티 ð달 꾸r르바 학까후 왈미스키나 와브낫 사빌리 왈라 투밧ð디r르 탑ð디r라
Give the relative his due, and the needy and the traveller, and do not squander wastefully.
- 52:21
Believers’ offspring who followed them in faith will be joined with them.
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمَانٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ مِنْ عَمَلِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ۚ كُلُّ امْرِئٍ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِينٌ
왈라ð디나 아마누 왓타바아트훔 ð두르r리야투훔 비이마닌 알하끄나 비힘 ð두르r리야타훔 와마 알라트나훔 민 아말리힘 민 샤이인 쿨룸 r리임 비마 카사바 r라힌
And those who believed and whose offspring followed them in faith, We will join with them their offspring, and We will not deprive them of anything of their deeds. Every person is held in pledge for what he has earned.