Al-Kahf 18
The Cave発音表記の見方
الرَّحْمَٰنِ르r라흐마니 بِسْمِ비스밀
- 太字 = 単語の強勢がある音節。少し強く。
- 上線 = 長母音(マッド)。2拍ほど伸ばす。朗誦でいちばん大切な長さ。
- 小さい字 = アラビア語に母音がない所。子音だけを短く。
- 小さなラテン文字 = 韓国語にない音。次の音節に付く。f 上の歯で下唇に触れる · θ/ð 舌先を歯の間に · r 舌先を震わせる(ㄹ だけなら l)。
発音表記の見方
beginning the Christ salvation
- 太く大きい字(ˈ) = 強く、少し長く。単語でいちばん強い音節。
- 薄い字 = 弱く・短く(あいまい母音)。全部の音節を同じ強さで読まないこと。
- 小さい 으・트・스 = ほとんど発音しない。英語にない母音なので、子音だけで止める。
- 単語全体が薄い(the・of・and・to…) = 文の中では弱く速く。名詞・動詞など内容語を強く。
- 小さい f v θ ð r = 韓国語にない音。f 上の歯を下唇に当てる、v 同じ形で声を出す、θ・ð 舌先を歯の間に、r 舌を丸めてどこにも触れない。
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この章について
Classed as a Meccan sura, it opens with praise of God for sending down a Book with no crookedness in it, and warns those who claim that God has taken a son. Four stories form its core. Young men flee their people's idol worship and take refuge in a cave, where they sleep for many years before being woken. A man proud of his two gardens boasts of his wealth and loses everything. Moses travels with a servant of God who has been given special knowledge, and watches him damage a boat, kill a boy and rebuild a falling wall, before hearing the hidden reasons behind each act. Dhul-Qarnayn journeys to the setting and the rising of the sun and builds an iron barrier against Gog and Magog. Between the stories come the instruction to say 'If God wills' about future plans and reminders that worldly life fades quickly. It closes with the Prophet saying he is only a human being like them.
- Young men of the Cave
- Parable of two gardens
- Moses and God's servant
- Dhul-Qarnayn's journeys
- Fleeting worldly life
名前の由来 The name comes from the story in verses 9–26 of the young men who fled idol worship and slept for years in a cave.
まず読みたい節 18:10 · 18:46 · 18:109
(紹介文は英語です)
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1
Praise be to God, who has sent down the Book to His servant and has put no crookedness in it,
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2
[making it] upright, to warn of severe punishment from Him, and to give good news to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a fine reward,
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3
in which they will remain forever,
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4
and to warn those who say, "God has taken a son."
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5
They have no knowledge of it, nor did their fathers. Grave is the word that comes out of their mouths; they speak nothing but a lie.
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6
Perhaps you would destroy yourself with grief, following after them, if they do not believe in this message.
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7
We have made whatever is on the earth an adornment for it, so that We may test them [to see] which of them is best in deeds.
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8
And We will surely turn whatever is on it into barren dust.
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9
Do you suppose that the companions of the Cave and al-Raqim were something amazing among Our signs?
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10
When the young men took refuge in the cave and said, "Our Lord, grant us mercy from Yourself and provide for us right guidance in our affair."
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11
Then We closed off their hearing in the cave for a number of years.
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12
Then We raised them up so that We might make known which of the two groups best calculated the length of time they had stayed.
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13
We relate to you their story in truth. They were young men who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance.
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14
We strengthened their hearts when they stood up and said, "Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We will never call on any god besides Him, or we would have said something outrageous.
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15
These people of ours have taken gods besides Him. Why do they not bring a clear authority for them? Who is more unjust than one who invents a lie about God?"
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16
[They said to one another,] "Since you have withdrawn from them and from what they worship other than God, take refuge in the cave. Your Lord will spread out His mercy for you and make your affair easy for you."
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17
You would have seen the sun, when it rose, inclining away from their cave to the right, and when it set, passing away from them to the left, while they lay in an open space within it. That is one of God's signs. Whoever God guides is rightly guided, and whoever He leaves astray, you will find for him no protector to guide him.
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18
You would have thought them awake, though they were asleep. We turned them over to the right and to the left, while their dog stretched out its forelegs at the entrance. Had you looked upon them, you would have turned from them in flight and been filled with terror of them.
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19
Thus We raised them up so that they might question one another. One of them said, "How long have you stayed [here]?" They said, "We have stayed a day or part of a day." They said, "Your Lord knows best how long you have stayed. So send one of you with this silver coin of yours to the city, and let him see which food is purest, and bring you provision from it. Let him be careful, and let him not make anyone aware of you.
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20
If they find you out, they will stone you or force you back into their religion, and then you would never succeed."
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21
Thus We made them known [to the people], so that they might know that God's promise is true and that there is no doubt about the Hour. When they disputed among themselves about their affair, they said, "Build a building over them. Their Lord knows best about them." Those who prevailed in their affair said, "We will surely build a place of worship over them."
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22
They will say, "[They were] three, the fourth of them their dog." And they will say, "Five, the sixth of them their dog," guessing at the unseen. And they will say, "Seven, and the eighth of them their dog." Say, "My Lord knows best their number; none knows them except a few." So do not argue about them except with an obvious argument, and do not ask any of them about them.
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23
Do not ever say of something, "I shall do it tomorrow,"
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24
without [adding], "If God wills." And remember your Lord when you forget, and say, "Perhaps my Lord will guide me to what is nearer to right conduct than this."
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25
They remained in their cave for three hundred years, and nine more were added.
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26
Say, "God knows best how long they stayed. To Him belongs the unseen of the heavens and the earth. How well He sees and how well He hears! They have no protector besides Him, and He shares His rule with no one."
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27
Read aloud what has been revealed to you from your Lord's Book. No one can alter His words, and apart from Him you will never find a place of shelter.
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28
Keep yourself patiently with those who call on their Lord morning and evening, seeking His face. Do not let your eyes pass beyond them, desiring the adornment of the life of this world. And do not obey one whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance, who follows his own desire and whose affair has gone beyond all bounds.
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29
Say, "The truth is from your Lord. So whoever wills, let him believe; and whoever wills, let him disbelieve." We have prepared for the wrongdoers a Fire whose walls will surround them. If they cry for relief, they will be relieved with water like molten metal, which scalds their faces. What a dreadful drink, and what an evil resting place!
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30
As for those who believe and do righteous deeds, We do not let the reward of those who do good deeds be lost.
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31
They will have Gardens of Eden beneath which rivers flow. They will be adorned there with bracelets of gold and will wear green garments of fine silk and brocade, reclining there on raised couches. What an excellent reward, and what a fine resting place!
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32
Set forth for them the parable of two men. To one of them We gave two gardens of grapevines, and surrounded them with date palms, and placed crops between them.
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33
Each of the two gardens yielded its produce and did not fall short in any way, and We made a river gush forth between them.
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34
He had fruit, so he said to his companion while conversing with him, "I have more wealth than you and a mightier band of men."
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35
And he entered his garden while wronging himself. He said, "I do not think this will ever perish,
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36
nor do I think the Hour will come. And even if I am brought back to my Lord, I will surely find something better than this as a place of return."
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37
His companion said to him while conversing with him, "Do you disbelieve in Him who created you from dust, then from a drop of fluid, then fashioned you into a man?
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38
For my part, He is God, my Lord, and I will never make anyone my Lord's partner.
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39
Why, when you entered your garden, did you not say, 'What God wills [comes to pass]; there is no power except through God'? If you see me less than you in wealth and children,
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40
perhaps my Lord will give me something better than your garden, and send upon it a calamity from the sky, so that it becomes a slippery bare ground,
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41
or its water sinks deep into the earth, so that you will never be able to seek it."
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42
And his fruit was encompassed [by ruin], and he began to wring his hands over what he had spent on it, as it lay collapsed upon its trellises, and he said, "I wish I had not associated anyone with my Lord!"
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43
He had no band to help him besides God, nor could he help himself.
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44
There, protection belongs to God, the True. He is best in reward and best in outcome.
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45
And set forth for them the parable of the life of this world: [it is] like water which We send down from the sky, and the plants of the earth mingle with it; then it becomes dry stubble scattered by the winds. God has power over all things.
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46
Wealth and children are the adornment of the life of this world, but enduring good deeds are better with your Lord in reward and better in hope.
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47
On the Day We set the mountains in motion, you will see the earth laid bare, and We will gather them all, leaving out not one of them.
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48
They will be presented before your Lord in rows: "You have come to Us as We created you the first time. Yet you claimed that We would never appoint a meeting for you."
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49
The record will be laid open, and you will see the guilty fearful of what is in it, and they will say, "Woe to us! What is this record that leaves out nothing small or great but has counted it?" They will find what they did present [before them]. Your Lord does not wrong anyone.
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50
And when We said to the angels, "Prostrate to Adam," they prostrated, except Iblis. He was one of the jinn, and he rebelled against his Lord's command. Will you then take him and his offspring as protectors instead of Me, when they are your enemies? What an evil exchange for the wrongdoers!
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51
I never called them to witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor even their own creation, and I would not take those who mislead others as My supporters.
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52
On the Day He will say, "Call on My partners whom you claimed," they will call on them, but they will not respond to them, and We will place between them a gulf of ruin.
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53
The guilty will see the Fire and realise that they are about to fall into it, and they will find no way to escape from it.
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54
We have set forth for people in this Quran every kind of example, but man is, more than anything, given to argument.
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55
Nothing prevented people from believing when guidance came to them, and from asking their Lord for forgiveness, except [that they demanded] that the way of the earlier peoples should come upon them, or that the punishment should come to them face to face.
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56
We send the messengers only as bearers of good news and as warners. But those who disbelieve argue with falsehood to refute the truth by it, and they take My signs and what they are warned of in mockery.
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57
Who is more unjust than one who is reminded of the signs of his Lord but turns away from them and forgets what his hands have sent forth? We have placed coverings over their hearts so that they do not understand it, and heaviness in their ears. Even if you call them to guidance, they will never be guided.
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58
Your Lord is the Most Forgiving, full of mercy. If He were to take them to task for what they have earned, He would hasten the punishment for them. But they have an appointed time from which they will find no escape.
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59
And those towns, We destroyed them when they did wrong, and We appointed a set time for their destruction.
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60
And when Moses said to his young servant, "I will not give up until I reach the meeting place of the two seas, even if I travel for ages."
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61
But when they reached the meeting place between them, they forgot their fish, and it took its way into the sea, burrowing.
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62
When they had passed beyond [that place], he said to his young servant, "Bring us our morning meal; we have indeed met with fatigue on this journey of ours."
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63
He said, "Did you see, when we took refuge at the rock? I forgot the fish, and none but Satan made me forget to mention it. It took its way into the sea in a marvellous manner."
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64
He said, "That is what we were seeking." So they turned back, retracing their footsteps.
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65
There they found one of Our servants to whom We had given mercy from Ourselves and whom We had taught knowledge from Our presence.
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66
Moses said to him, "May I follow you so that you may teach me some of the right guidance you have been taught?"
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67
He said, "You will never manage to bear patiently with me.
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68
And how can you be patient about what you do not fully comprehend?"
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69
He said, "You will find me patient, God willing, and I will not disobey you in any matter."
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70
He said, "Then if you follow me, do not ask me about anything until I myself mention it to you."
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71
So they set out, until when they boarded a boat, he made a hole in it. [Moses] said, "Have you made a hole in it to drown its people? You have done a grievous thing."
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72
He said, "Did I not say that you would not be able to have patience with me?"
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73
He said, "Do not take me to task for what I forgot, and do not burden me with hardship in my affair."
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74
So they set out, until when they met a boy, he killed him. [Moses] said, "Have you killed an innocent soul, not in retaliation for a soul? You have done a terrible thing."
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75
He said, "Did I not tell you that you would not be able to have patience with me?"
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76
He said, "If I ask you about anything after this, do not keep me in your company. You have received from me an [ample] excuse."
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77
So they set out, until when they came to the people of a town, they asked its people for food, but they refused to host them. There they found a wall about to collapse, and he set it straight. [Moses] said, "If you had wished, you could have taken a payment for it."
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78
He said, "This is the parting between me and you. I will tell you the interpretation of what you could not bear with patience.
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79
As for the boat, it belonged to poor people working at sea, and I wanted to damage it, because behind them was a king who was seizing every boat by force.
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80
The boy had believing parents, and we were afraid he would burden them with rebellion and disbelief.
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81
So we wished that their Lord would give them in exchange one better than him in purity and closer in affection.
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82
As for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys in the city, and beneath it was a treasure belonging to them. Their father had been a righteous man, so your Lord willed that they should reach maturity and bring out their treasure, as a mercy from your Lord. I did not do it of my own accord. That is the interpretation of what you could not bear with patience."
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83
They ask you about Dhul-Qarnayn. Say, "I will recite to you an account of him."
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84
We established him in the land and gave him the means to everything.
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85
So he followed a way,
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86
until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it setting in a murky spring, and near it he found a people. We said, "Dhul-Qarnayn, either punish them or treat them with kindness."
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87
He said, "As for whoever does wrong, we will punish him; then he will be returned to his Lord, who will punish him with a terrible punishment.
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88
But as for whoever believes and does righteous deeds, he will have the best reward, and we will speak to him with ease in our command."
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89
Then he followed a way,
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until, when he reached the rising of the sun, he found it rising on a people for whom We had provided no shelter from it.
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91
So it was. And We had full knowledge of all that he had.
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92
Then he followed a way,
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93
until, when he reached [a place] between the two barriers, he found beside them a people who could hardly understand speech.
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94
They said, "Dhul-Qarnayn, Gog and Magog are spreading corruption in the land. Shall we pay you a tribute on condition that you build a barrier between us and them?"
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95
He said, "What my Lord has established me in is better [than tribute]. But help me with strength, and I will build between you and them a rampart.
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96
Bring me blocks of iron." When he had levelled [the gap] between the two cliffs, he said, "Blow!" When he had made it [glow like] fire, he said, "Bring me molten copper to pour over it."
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97
So they [Gog and Magog] could neither scale it nor could they pierce it.
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98
He said, "This is a mercy from my Lord. But when my Lord's promise comes, He will level it to the ground, and my Lord's promise is ever true."
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99
On that Day We will leave them to surge like waves over one another, and the Trumpet will be blown, and We will gather them all together.
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100
On that Day We will present Hell plainly to the disbelievers,
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101
whose eyes were veiled from My remembrance, and who were unable to hear.
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102
Do those who disbelieve think that they can take My servants as protectors instead of Me? We have prepared Hell as a lodging for the disbelievers.
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103
Say, "Shall we inform you of those who are the greatest losers in their deeds?
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104
Those whose effort in the life of this world is lost, while they think that they are doing good work.
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105
They are the ones who disbelieved in the signs of their Lord and in the meeting with Him, so their deeds have come to nothing, and on the Day of Resurrection We will assign them no weight.
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106
That is their recompense, Hell, because they disbelieved and took My signs and My messengers in mockery.
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107
Those who believe and do righteous deeds will have the Gardens of Paradise as a lodging,
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108
to abide there forever, never desiring any change from it.
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109
Say, "If the sea were ink for the words of my Lord, the sea would run out before the words of my Lord run out, even if We brought another like it to replenish it."
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110
Say, "I am only a human being like you, to whom it has been revealed that your God is One God. So whoever hopes to meet his Lord, let him do righteous deeds and associate no one in the worship of his Lord."